Chinese Coffee: A Rising Force in the Coffee World

While China is traditionally known for its exceptional teas, it has also become an emerging player in the global coffee market. Previously, it was known for producing a cheaper, lower-quality product, but it is now increasingly providing more unique and high-quality beans. 

Due to rising domestic and foreign consumption, coffee cultivation in China is expanding. In this profile by Mystic Monk Coffee, we’re going to delve into the country’s evolving coffee culture. We’ll talk about the history of Chinese coffee, its cultivation and processing techniques, its flavor profile, and much more. 

Read on to discover more about this rising force in the coffee industry: 

History of Coffee in China

It is said that coffee was first introduced to China by French missionaries in the late 19th century. Initially, coffee cultivation was very limited to small areas, with little, if any, significant growth occurring over the next hundred years.

However, in 1988, the Chinese government began fostering the coffee industry in partnership with the World Bank and the UN. Due to its favorable climate and geography, the Yunnan province became the focal point of coffee production. Today, China is rapidly increasing its production and quality standards, seeking to become among the largest and best in the global coffee industry.

Coffee Growing Regions

China's primary coffee-growing region is Yunnan, known for its high altitudes and fertile soil. The region is considered to produce some of the best coffee in Asia, with unique flavor profiles based on the area’s diverse microclimates. China’s other emerging coffee-growing regions include Hainan and Fujian, which are still perfecting their coffee cultivation practices. 

Varieties of Coffee Beans

Chinese coffee is mainly grown in Arabica varieties, but a small percentage of Robusta is also grown. The most common variety of Arabica in China is Catimor, a hybrid of the Caturra and Timor varieties. Yunnan Catimor beans are desired for their resilience but also for producing a sweet, fruity brew. There is some indication that growers will switch to other varieties, such as Bourbon, in the near future.

Cultivation and Harvesting Practices

Chinese coffee farmers use modern and sustainable farming methods to ensure high-quality beans. Harvesting is mostly done by hand, ensuring laborers pick the ripest cherries that will produce the best-quality coffees when taken to market. 

While previous generations sought to produce high amounts of low-quality coffee, many farms are looking to expand into specialty and organic coffee production, adjusting their practices to ensure higher yields and, ultimately, better incomes. 

Processing Methods

Chinese coffee growers use both washed and natural processes. The washed process, involving fermentation and washing of the coffee cherry, brings out a clean fruitiness and bright acidity. Natural processing, where beans dry inside the cherry, offers bolder flavors and a full-bodied texture.

Flavor Profile and Tasting Notes

Among the best Chinese coffees available is Yunnan Catimor, which is celebrated for its smooth, well-balanced flavors and vibrant profiles. For a naturally processed Yunnan Catimor, you’ll notice hints of black tea, citrusy plums, and the sweet taste of fudge. In a washed Yunnan Catimor, expect a clean acidity with winey, fruity flavors but a strong sweetness. 

Famous Coffee Brands and Cooperatives

Notable Chinese coffee brands include Yunnan Coffee Traders, Seesaw Coffee, and Luckin Coffee. These brands are recognized for advocating environmentally friendly practices and delivering coffee in innovative ways to both domestic and foreign consumers. 

There are many cooperatives in China’s Yunnan province that support local farmers by distributing their products and enforcing fair trade regulations. These organizations help maintain high standards and ethical production in the Chinese coffee industry.

Challenges and Sustainability Efforts

The Chinese coffee industry faces many distinct challenges. One is the lack of infrastructure tailored to the coffee industry, limiting growers’ production and processing capacity. Another reason is that, while wet processing is preferred, Yunnan Province often experiences droughts. This can result in fluctuating processing practices that cause inconsistencies in coffee quality. 

Significant efforts are made toward sustainability. Initiatives include promoting organic farming, developing disease-resistant coffee varieties, and implementing fair trade practices. All of these efforts are meant to ensure a successful, long-term future of Chinese coffee.

Conclusion

China's coffee industry is on the rise, and for good reason. Both the government and small farmers are working to produce higher-quality coffees with every passing year, not only to impact the global market but also to satiate the needs of their domestic population, who have increasingly grown to enjoy the drink.

While you may look for your next coffee experience in the distant hills of Yunnan, also consider checking out a source that’s closer to home. At Mystic Monk Coffee, we have a range of delicious and impressive coffees for you to try. Our selection is full of freshly roasted coffees that are specially-crafted to provide excellent flavors and a jolt of caffeine to wake you up in the morning or during a long workday. 

So, if you’re interested in enjoying artisanally-prepared beans or grounds, shop Mystic Monk Coffee today!